{ "$schema": "https://www.mosticare.org/threat-map/feed.schema.json", "feed": "mosticare-disease-incidence", "version": "1.1.0", "publisher": { "name": "Mosticare", "url": "https://www.mosticare.org", "type": "NGO" }, "description": "Machine-readable disease-incidence feed for vector-borne diseases across the European Union and EEA. Sourced from ECDC, EFSA, and national ministries of health; aggregated and re-published by Mosticare for AI summarizers and agentic systems. Records cover one country × disease × period each; the key_facts array promotes superlative facts (first/most/largest) to atomic, answer-bearing entries. This is a partial aggregation — for complete EU/EEA totals, ECDC is the primary source.", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "temporal_coverage": "2025-01-01/2026-12-31", "variables_measured": [ { "name": "Confirmed human cases", "description": "Confirmed locally-acquired (autochthonous) human cases of the vector-borne disease in the period, per the source authority's case definition.", "unit": "cases" }, { "name": "Deaths", "description": "Locally fatal cases attributed to the disease in the period.", "unit": "deaths" }, { "name": "Case fatality rate", "description": "Deaths as a percentage of confirmed cases, where reported.", "unit": "percent" }, { "name": "Surveillance areas", "description": "Vector-establishment and high-risk-area surveillance metrics (e.g. count of high-risk municipalities, municipalities with confirmed vector presence).", "unit": "areas" } ], "measurement_technique": "Aggregation and re-publication of passive and enhanced arbovirus surveillance bulletins from ECDC, EFSA, and national ministries of health. Mosticare does not perform primary case ascertainment; each record cites the originating authority.", "is_based_on": [ { "name": "ECDC — Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly)", "authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)", "url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/" }, { "name": "ECDC — Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases", "authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)", "url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection" }, { "name": "EFSA — One Health zoonoses and vector-borne disease reporting", "authority": "European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)", "url": "https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/vector-borne-diseases" }, { "name": "Santé publique France — vector-borne disease surveillance (WNV, chikungunya)", "authority": "Santé publique France", "url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle" }, { "name": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità — integrated West Nile / arbovirus surveillance", "authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)", "url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino" }, { "name": "RENAVE / Junta de Andalucía — West Nile virus regional surveillance", "authority": "Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica · Junta de Andalucía", "url": "https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/sanidadpresidenciayemergencias/areas/sanidad/entornos-saludables/salud-ambiental/paginas/virus-nilo-occidental.html" }, { "name": "DGS Portugal — REVIVE national vector surveillance", "authority": "Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS)", "url": "https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque/programa-nacional-de-vigilancia-de-vetores-revive.aspx" }, { "name": "EODY (NPHO) — West Nile virus weekly epidemiological report, Greece", "authority": "National Public Health Organization (EODY), Greece", "url": "https://eody.gov.gr/en/disease/west-nile-virus/" }, { "name": "INSP / CNSCBT — West Nile virus weekly surveillance, Romania", "authority": "Institutul Național de Sănătate Publică (INSP) · CNSCBT", "url": "https://insp.gov.ro/downloads/infectia-cu-virusul-west-nile-2025/" }, { "name": "Batut — West Nile fever weekly report, Serbia", "authority": "Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“", "url": "https://www.batut.org.rs/" }, { "name": "NNGYK — weekly national epidemiological bulletin (West Nile fever), Hungary", "authority": "Nemzeti Népegészségügyi és Gyógyszerészeti Központ (NNGYK)", "url": "https://www.nnk.gov.hu/" }, { "name": "Robert Koch-Institut — notifiable-disease surveillance (West Nile fever), Germany", "authority": "Robert Koch-Institut (RKI)", "url": "https://www.rki.de/EN/Topics/Infectious-diseases/Pathogens/West-Nile-virus/West-Nile-virus_node.html" } ], "refresh_cadence": { "minimum": "weekly", "target": "daily", "next_review": "2026-07-01" }, "last_updated": "2026-06-24", "record_count": 57, "records": [ { "country": "FR", "country_name": "France", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 62, "deaths": 5, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/sites/default/files/2026-05/bullnat_west_nile_20260506.pdf", "source_authority": "Santé publique France — bilan national West Nile 2025 (édition nationale, deaths); ECDC for the cross-country case count (data to 3 Dec 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-15", "notes": "Final 2025 national recap from Santé publique France's end-of-season human-surveillance bilan (édition nationale, published 6 May 2026; enhanced-surveillance period 1 May – 30 November 2025): 62 autochthonous human West Nile virus cases across six regions of metropolitan France — predominantly the Mediterranean rim and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur — of which 20 (32%) were neuro-invasive and five (8%) died (median age of the deceased 76). Two additional travel-imported cases (one from Greece, one from Italy) are excluded. The 62-case count matches ECDC's cross-country figure (data to 3 December 2025); the per-country death count is sourced from Santé publique France, since ECDC publishes WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total plus Italy. (Earlier feed editions recorded 0 deaths before SpF's national bilan was published; corrected to 5 on 2026-06-15.)" }, { "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 779, "deaths": 72, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino", "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) — deaths + integrated WNV/Usutu surveillance; ECDC for the cross-country case count (data to 3 Dec 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-15", "notes": "Italy was the largest single-country WNV contributor in the EU/EEA in 2025, with cases concentrated in Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna plus a July–August Lazio cluster. The headline case count (779) is ECDC's cross-country end-of-season figure (data to 3 December 2025), kept for EU/EEA comparability; ISS's own last integrated WNV/Usutu bulletin of the season (n. 16, 30 October 2025, data to 29 October) recorded 773 confirmed human cases — 770 autochthonous plus 3 travel-imported — so ECDC's 779 reflects a small number of cases added after ISS stopped weekly publishing, and ISS's consolidated final 2025 summary is still pending. The 72 deaths are ISS's figure (a 9.2% case fatality rate across the 779 confirmed cases; ISS reports a 19.6% lethality on the neuro-invasive subset); ECDC publishes WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total (97 in 2025) plus Italy." }, { "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "disease": "Chikungunya", "disease_code": "CHIKV", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 384, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/chikungunya/aggiornamenti", "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)", "last_updated": "2026-05-31", "notes": "Final 2025 consolidation (ISS national arbovirus surveillance, 1 January–31 December 2025, reported as of 29 January 2026): 472 total CHIKV cases — 384 autochthonous, 88 travel-imported, 0 deaths. Local transmission across four regions (Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Toscana, Lazio). All Italian and French CHIKV clusters were declared closed by end of 2025." }, { "country": "ES", "country_name": "Spain", "region": "Andalusia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "affected_areas": 109, "affected_areas_unit": "high-risk municipalities", "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/sanidadpresidenciayemergencias/areas/sanidad/entornos-saludables/salud-ambiental/paginas/virus-nilo-occidental.html", "source_authority": "Junta de Andalucía · Consejería de Salud y Consumo", "last_updated": "2026-05-25", "notes": "Surveillance metric: 109 Andalusian municipalities classified high-risk for WNV transmission under the regional surveillance and vector-control programme. National Spanish human-case totals are tracked in the ES/WNV record below (RENAVE / ECDC)." }, { "country": "PT", "country_name": "Portugal", "disease": "Aedes albopictus surveillance", "disease_code": "VECTOR-AALBO", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "affected_areas": 28, "affected_areas_unit": "municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus presence", "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque/programa-nacional-de-vigilancia-de-vetores-revive.aspx", "source_authority": "Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS) · REVIVE programme", "last_updated": "2026-05-25", "notes": "Vector establishment metric: 28 mainland Portuguese municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus under the REVIVE national vector surveillance programme." }, { "country": "PT", "country_name": "Portugal", "region": "Madeira", "disease": "Dengue (DENV-2)", "disease_code": "DENV2", "vector": "Aedes aegypti", "vector_common": "yellow-fever mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.iasaude.pt/Mosquito/index.php/doencas/dengue", "source_authority": "IASaúde · Instituto de Administração da Saúde da Madeira", "last_updated": "2026-05-25", "notes": "DENV-2 detection in Aedes aegypti vector populations on Madeira; no autochthonous human cases confirmed in 2025 season." }, { "country": "ES", "country_name": "Spain", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 36, "deaths": 5, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://cne.isciii.es/documents/d/cne/informe_renave_fno-2025", "source_authority": "RENAVE · Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (ISCIII) — final 2025 national report (deaths); ECDC for the cross-country case count (data to 3 Dec 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-15", "notes": "Deaths from RENAVE's final 2025 national report (Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; published 27 February 2026, data to 20 February 2026): 5 human WNV deaths (4 confirmed + 1 probable), all with neurological presentation and exposure in Extremadura (case fatality 13% among symptomatic cases). The headline case count (36) is ECDC's cross-country figure as of 3 December 2025, kept for EU/EEA comparability; RENAVE's final national consolidation counted 45 autochthonous cases — Extremadura 39 (which accounted for all 5 deaths), Andalucía 5 (including 1 in Almería; no deaths), and Comunidad Valenciana 1. ECDC publishes WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total (97) plus Italy (72), so Spain's national death count is sourced from RENAVE. See the Andalucía record above for the regional high-risk-municipality surveillance metric." }, { "country": "FR", "country_name": "France", "disease": "Chikungunya", "disease_code": "CHIKV", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 809, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-05-01/2025-11-30", "period_label": "2025 enhanced-surveillance period (1 May – 30 November)", "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/sites/default/files/2026-05/bullnat_arboviroses_20260506.pdf", "source_authority": "Santé publique France — bilan national chikungunya/dengue/Zika 2025 (édition nationale, enhanced arbovirus surveillance)", "last_updated": "2026-06-15", "notes": "Final 2025 recap from Santé publique France's end-of-season bilan (Chikungunya, dengue et Zika en France hexagonale, édition nationale, published 6 May 2026; enhanced-surveillance period 1 May – 30 November 2025): 809 autochthonous chikungunya cases in metropolitan France — 790 cases across 79 transmission episodes (1–144 cases per episode) plus 19 isolated cases; of the 809, 665 were laboratory-confirmed (PCR-positive or IgM+IgG), 107 probable (isolated IgM), and 37 epidemiologically linked. Symptom-onset dates 27 May – 13 November. Episodes in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Occitanie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Corse, Île-de-France, and (for the first time) Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Grand Est, and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The largest 2025 autochthonous CHIKV outbreak in continental Europe; all French and Italian clusters were declared closed by end of 2025. deaths is null, not 0: SpF's metropolitan arbovirus surveillance is a mandatory case-notification system, and the bilan reports no death, hospitalisation, or severe-form count for the autochthonous hexagonal cases — it does not state a death figure at all. (The deadly 2025 chikungunya epidemic was in La Réunion / the Indian Ocean, a French overseas territory excluded from this metropolitan-hexagonal record.) Earlier feed editions recorded 0 deaths as an unsourced default; set to null on 2026-06-15 after the SpF national bilan was confirmed to report no metropolitan chikungunya death count — contrast the Italy CHIKV record, where ISS explicitly reports 'nessun decesso' (a sourced 0)." }, { "country": "GR", "country_name": "Greece", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 96, "deaths": 9, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://eody.gov.gr/en/disease/west-nile-virus/", "source_authority": "EODY · National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Greece", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Final 2025 recap (EODY/NPHO weekly epidemiological report, 3 December 2025): 96 locally-acquired human cases — 76 with neuro-invasive disease (encephalitis / meningitis / acute flaccid paralysis) and 20 with milder symptoms — and 9 deaths (all neuro-invasive patients aged over 65; median age of the deceased 79). Two additional travel-imported cases (infected in Serbia and Italy) are excluded. First symptom onset 22 June, last 28 September 2025; Attica was the main hotspot, with cases also in Thessaly, West Greece, East Macedonia and Thrace, Central Macedonia, the Peloponnese and Crete. Greece had the second-most WNV cases in the EU/EEA in 2025, after Italy (779), per ECDC." }, { "country": "RS", "country_name": "Serbia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 62, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.batut.org.rs/", "source_authority": "Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Final 2025 count per Batut's last weekly West Nile fever report of the season (week 40, data to 5 October 2025): 62 locally-acquired human cases across 13 districts — City of Belgrade (23) and South Bačka (12) dominant; 66.1% male, mean age 67.2 years. Matches ECDC's figure of 62 for Serbia (data to 3 December 2025). Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — Batut's weekly WNV bulletins publish case counts, district distribution, sex and age only, and ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total (97 in 2025), not per country. Serbia is an EU candidate country in ECDC's EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance." }, { "country": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 49, "deaths": 3, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://insp.gov.ro/downloads/infectia-cu-virusul-west-nile-2025/", "source_authority": "Institutul Național de Sănătate Publică (INSP) · CNSCBT", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Final 2025 recap (INSP/CNSCBT weekly informer, surveillance period 2 June – 30 October 2025): 49 locally-acquired human cases (41 confirmed + 8 probable) and 3 deaths — one each in Brăila, Dâmbovița and Timiș counties, with West Nile virus the cause of death. Cases skew elderly (36 of 49 aged 60+); Bucharest (16), Galați (6) and Brăila (5) were the leading areas of exposure. Matches ECDC's figure of 49 for Romania (data to 3 December 2025)." }, { "country": "HU", "country_name": "Hungary", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 14, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.nnk.gov.hu/", "source_authority": "Nemzeti Népegészségügyi és Gyógyszerészeti Központ (NNGYK)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Final 2025 count per NNGYK's weekly national epidemiological bulletin (week 40): 14 West Nile fever cases — 13 locally-acquired plus 1 travel-imported (from Italy). Locally-acquired cases in Budapest (2) and five counties (Pest 5, Bács-Kiskun 3, Csongrád-Csanád 1, Heves 1, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 1); 78% male, mean age 53, all hospitalised with neuro-invasive disease. ECDC lists Hungary at 14 (data to 3 December 2025). Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — NNGYK's weekly bulletins publish cases and demographics only, and ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total." }, { "country": "DE", "country_name": "Germany", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 2, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "2 locally-acquired (autochthonous) human WNV cases in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). Counting note: Germany's notifiable-disease total (Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin 1/2026) is 13 WNV cases for 2025, but that figure combines travel-associated and autochthonous infections; this feed records the autochthonous count (2), consistent with its locally-acquired case definition. Autochthonous WNV in Germany is concentrated in the east (Berlin, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony). Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — not separately reported for 2025 in RKI's weekly tables or ECDC's cross-country report." }, { "country": "HR", "country_name": "Croatia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 4, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "4 locally-acquired human WNV cases in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total (97 in 2025), not per country." }, { "country": "AL", "country_name": "Albania", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 3, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "3 locally-acquired human WNV cases in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). Albania is an EU candidate country in ECDC's EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance. Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total, not per country." }, { "country": "MK", "country_name": "North Macedonia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 2, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "2 locally-acquired human WNV cases in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). North Macedonia is an EU candidate country in ECDC's EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance (see the 2026 record below — it reported the first 2026 European WNV case). Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total, not per country." }, { "country": "BG", "country_name": "Bulgaria", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 1, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "1 locally-acquired human WNV case in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total, not per country." }, { "country": "XK", "country_name": "Kosovo", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 1, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "1 locally-acquired human WNV case in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence. Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total, not per country." }, { "country": "TR", "country_name": "Türkiye", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 1, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "1 locally-acquired human WNV case in 2025 per ECDC's cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025). Türkiye is an EU-neighbouring country in ECDC's EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance. Deaths: null (not reported, NOT zero) — ECDC reports WNV deaths only as a Europe-wide total, not per country." }, { "country": "FR", "country_name": "France", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/west-nile-virus", "source_authority": "Santé publique France", "last_updated": "2026-06-10", "notes": "Season open (week 23, 2026). The 2026 WNV surveillance plan is active and Santé publique France weekly bulletins have resumed; the latest bulletin reports no autochthonous human WNV cases in metropolitan France year-to-date. The first human WNV case in the European Region this season was reported in North Macedonia (see MK record)." }, { "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 2, "deaths": 0, "affected_areas": 2, "affected_areas_unit": "NUTS3 areas with confirmed autochthonous WNV transmission in 2026 (ITF31 Caserta/Campania, ITI14 Firenze/Toscana)", "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino", "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)", "last_updated": "2026-06-18", "notes": "ECDC W25 (data to 17 Jun 2026, report dated 18 Jun 2026): first autochthonous mainland EU/EEA 2026 WNV cases — IT Caserta (NUTS3 ITF31, Campania, 1 case) + IT Firenze (NUTS3 ITI14, Toscana, 1 case). Year-to-date: 2 cases, 0 deaths, 2 NUTS3 areas (ITF31, ITI14). ISS weekly bulletin n. 25 of 18 Jun 2026 corroborates. Per-NUTS3 sub-areas: ITF31 Caserta (Campania) — 1 case; ITI14 Firenze (Toscana) — 1 case. ECDC W25 also reports MK Vardar (1 case, separate record) — making the European Region total 2 countries / 3 cases / 3 areas for week 25. The 2026 Piano Nazionale Arbovirosi integrated surveillance remains in force." }, { "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "disease": "Chikungunya", "disease_code": "CHIKV", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/arbovirosi/bollettini", "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)", "last_updated": "2026-05-31", "notes": "Post-2025-outbreak baseline. Heightened CHIKV surveillance continues under the Piano Nazionale Arbovirosi after Italy's 2025 outbreak. As of 30 April 2026 ISS reports 13 confirmed chikungunya cases nationally — all travel-imported (no autochthonous transmission), 0 deaths." }, { "country": "ES", "country_name": "Spain", "region": "Andalusia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "affected_areas": 117, "affected_areas_unit": "high-risk municipalities", "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/sanidadpresidenciayemergencias/areas/sanidad/entornos-saludables/salud-ambiental/paginas/virus-nilo-occidental.html", "source_authority": "Junta de Andalucía · Consejería de Salud y Consumo", "last_updated": "2026-05-31", "notes": "Surveillance metric for the 2026 season: under the Junta de Andalucía vigilancia y control programme, all ~785 Andalusian municipalities are tiered by West Nile transmission risk — 117 high, 302 medium, 366 low. The 2026 programme adds 'close monitoring' of municipalities bordering alert areas. No autochthonous human cases reported year-to-date." }, { "country": "PT", "country_name": "Portugal", "disease": "Aedes albopictus surveillance", "disease_code": "VECTOR-AALBO", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "affected_areas": 28, "affected_areas_unit": "municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus presence", "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque/programa-nacional-de-vigilancia-de-vetores-revive.aspx", "source_authority": "Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS) · REVIVE programme", "last_updated": "2026-05-22", "notes": "Pre-transmission-season baseline. REVIVE national vector surveillance continues into 2026 across the 28 mainland municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus establishment from the 2025 season; no autochthonous arbovirus cases reported year-to-date." }, { "country": "PT", "country_name": "Portugal", "region": "Madeira", "disease": "Dengue (DENV-2)", "disease_code": "DENV2", "vector": "Aedes aegypti", "vector_common": "yellow-fever mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://www.iasaude.pt/Mosquito/index.php/doencas/dengue", "source_authority": "IASaúde · Instituto de Administração da Saúde da Madeira", "last_updated": "2026-05-22", "notes": "Pre-transmission-season baseline. IASaúde continues year-round Aedes aegypti monitoring on Madeira after the 2025-season DENV-2 vector detection; no autochthonous human dengue cases reported year-to-date." }, { "country": "FR", "country_name": "France", "disease": "Chikungunya", "disease_code": "CHIKV", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-05-01/2026-11-30", "period_label": "2026 enhanced-surveillance period (1 May – 30 November)", "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya", "source_authority": "Santé publique France · enhanced arbovirus surveillance", "last_updated": "2026-05-31", "notes": "Early-transmission-season baseline. Enhanced arbovirus surveillance (1 May – 30 November) is active; the most recent bulletin (27 May 2026) reports no autochthonous chikungunya cases in metropolitan France year-to-date. Heightened monitoring follows France's record 2025 autochthonous CHIKV outbreak (809 cases) — the largest in continental Europe that year." }, { "country": "ES", "country_name": "Spain", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Season open. ECDC's weekly WNV surveillance (Week 24/2026, data up to 10 June 2026) records no locally-acquired human cases in Spain year-to-date; the first 2026 human WNV case in the European Region was reported in North Macedonia (see MK record). RENAVE 2026 national surveillance is active. See the Andalusia record for the regional high-risk-municipality metric." }, { "country": "MK", "country_name": "North Macedonia", "region": "Vardar", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 1, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-18", "notes": "First human West Nile virus case of the 2026 season in the European Region: 1 locally-acquired case reported in the Vardar region of North Macedonia, first appearing in the ECDC weekly report dated 3 June 2026. ECDC W25 (data to 17 Jun 2026): MK still reporting 1 case in Vardar (no change since W24); however the W25 report now also counts IT Caserta (1) and IT Firenze (1) as the first mainland EU/EEA 2026 WNV cases, bringing the European Region total to 2 countries / 3 cases / 3 areas. North Macedonia is an EU candidate country included in ECDC's weekly EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance." }, { "country": "GR", "country_name": "Greece", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Season open. Per ECDC's weekly WNV report (Week 24/2026, data up to 10 June 2026), no locally-acquired human WNV cases in Greece year-to-date; North Macedonia is the only European country with a 2026 human WNV case so far. Greece's enhanced WNV surveillance and national Action Plan for West Nile virus reactivate each season; in 2025 Greece had the second-most WNV cases in the EU/EEA (96)." }, { "country": "RS", "country_name": "Serbia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Season open. Per ECDC's weekly WNV report (Week 24/2026, data up to 10 June 2026), no locally-acquired human WNV cases in Serbia year-to-date; North Macedonia is the only European country with a 2026 human WNV case so far. Serbia (Batut) reported 62 WNV cases in 2025." }, { "country": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Season open. Per ECDC's weekly WNV report (Week 24/2026, data up to 10 June 2026), no locally-acquired human WNV cases in Romania year-to-date; North Macedonia is the only European country with a 2026 human WNV case so far. Romania's INSP/CNSCBT WNV surveillance period runs from early June; in 2025 Romania reported 49 cases and 3 deaths." }, { "country": "HU", "country_name": "Hungary", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Season open. Per ECDC's weekly WNV report (Week 24/2026, data up to 10 June 2026), no locally-acquired human WNV cases in Hungary year-to-date; North Macedonia is the only European country with a 2026 human WNV case so far. Hungary (NNGYK) reported 14 WNV cases in 2025." }, { "country": "DE", "country_name": "Germany", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)", "last_updated": "2026-06-14", "notes": "Season open. Per ECDC's weekly WNV report (Week 24/2026, data up to 10 June 2026), no locally-acquired human WNV cases in Germany year-to-date; North Macedonia is the only European country with a 2026 human WNV case so far. Germany (RKI) recorded 2 autochthonous WNV cases in 2025, concentrated in the east." }, { "country": "NL", "country_name": "Netherlands", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: the Netherlands is NOT among the 14 European countries that reported locally acquired human WNV cases in 2025 (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Türkiye; 1 112 cases EU/neighbourhood total), so its 2025 autochthonous human case count is 0. RIVM confirms no human WNV cases in the Netherlands since 2020. The virus was detected in non-human hosts in 2025 (a Culex pipiens/torrentium mosquito pool in South Holland captured ~5 Sep 2025, and equine cases in Oct 2025). Vector status: the dominant WNV vector is Culex pipiens (common house mosquito); the invasive Aedes albopictus is introduced but NOT established (absent from the ECDC VectorNet established-population list, June 2025), and Aedes aegypti is intercepted-only (introductions eliminated, not established)." }, { "country": "IE", "country_name": "Ireland", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: as of 10 December 2025, exactly 14 European countries reported autochthonous human WNV cases (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Türkiye). Ireland is NOT among them, so its 2025 autochthonous human WNV count is 0 (0 deaths). Vector-establishment context: the invasive Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are both absent from Ireland per ECDC VectorNet/June 2025 distribution; the relevant native mosquito is Culex pipiens. WNV is a notifiable disease in Ireland with the national surveillance authority being the HPSC (HSE)." }, { "country": "CZ", "country_name": "Czechia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in the 2025 season. Czechia is NOT among the 14 European countries ECDC lists with locally acquired human cases in 2025 (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Turkiye); 0 cases entails 0 deaths. WNV nonetheless circulates enzootically in southern Czechia — autochthonous human cases occurred in 2018 and WNV lineage 2 was repeatedly detected in Culex mosquitoes (2013-2016). Vector context: Aedes albopictus is introduced (not established) in Czechia per ECDC VectorNet June 2025; Aedes aegypti is absent. The relevant local WNV vector is Culex pipiens." }, { "country": "EE", "country_name": "Estonia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Estonia is not among the 14 European countries that reported autochthonous human West Nile virus cases in the 2025 season (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain and Türkiye), so its 2025 autochthonous human WNV count is 0 (0 deaths). The primary potential WNV vector in the region is the Culex pipiens complex. Vector establishment: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are NOT established in Estonia per ECDC VectorNet — the invasive Aedes species absent across the Baltics/Nordics. Honesty note: WNV RNA was detected for the first time in Estonia in February 2025 in a dead bird (Northern Goshawk) — an animal finding reported by Estonia's National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment, not a human case." }, { "country": "LT", "country_name": "Lithuania", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Lithuania reported 0 autochthonous human West Nile virus cases in the 2025 season. ECDC's final 2025 list of 14 countries with locally acquired human WNV cases (Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Turkiye) does not include Lithuania. Vector context: the primary WNV bridge vector at this latitude is Culex pipiens; neither invasive Aedes species is established in Lithuania per ECDC VectorNet (Aedes albopictus not in the June 2025 established list; Aedes aegypti established only in Cyprus and EU outermost regions). Mosticare re-publishes this figure from ECDC and is not a surveillance authority." }, { "country": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: in the 2025 transmission season (as of 3 December 2025) 14 European countries reported 1,112 locally acquired human WNV cases — Italy (779), Greece (96), France (62), Serbia (62), Romania (49), Spain (36), Hungary (14), Croatia (4), Albania (3), Germany (2), North Macedonia (2), Bulgaria (1), Kosovo (1), Türkiye (1) — and Poland is not on that list, so its 2025 autochthonous human WNV count is 0 (0 deaths trivially). Poland has no known established WNV mosquito-vector population of the invasive Aedes species: per ECDC VectorNet (June 2025) neither Aedes albopictus nor Aedes aegypti is established in Poland. The enzootic WNV vector in temperate Europe is the native Culex pipiens complex. Mosticare is a civil-society re-publisher of this ECDC surveillance data, not a surveillance authority. Honesty note: Poland reported its first locally acquired (probable) human WNV case in 2024 — excluded from ECDC's counted total only because the place of infection was unconfirmed — so 2025=0 is not 'WNV has never occurred in Poland'." }, { "country": "SK", "country_name": "Slovakia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: as of 10 December 2025, 14 European countries reported autochthonous human WNV cases (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Türkiye) across 157 affected areas. Slovakia is not on that list, so its 2025 autochthonous human WNV count is 0 (deaths 0 trivially entails). WNV is known to circulate in Slovakia (first autochthonous human case 2019). Primary local enzootic/bridge vector is Culex pipiens. Vector context: Aedes albopictus is newly established in Slovakia (ECDC VectorNet, June 2025); Aedes aegypti is absent. Mosticare is a re-publisher of this ECDC figure, not a surveillance authority." }, { "country": "SI", "country_name": "Slovenia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Slovenia did not report any autochthonous human West Nile virus cases in the 2025 season. As of 8 October 2025, ECDC listed 13 countries with human cases (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Türkiye); Slovenia is not among them, so its 2025 count is 0 (and therefore 0 deaths). The primary WNV vector in the region is Culex pipiens. Vector context: Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito) is ESTABLISHED in Slovenia per the ECDC/EFSA VectorNet June 2025 map, while Aedes aegypti is ABSENT (established only in Cyprus among mainland EU/EEA). No autochthonous dengue or chikungunya was reported for Slovenia in 2025 (NIJZ). Mosticare republishes this figure as a civil-society aggregator; the data is ECDC's." }, { "country": "SE", "country_name": "Sweden", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Sweden reported 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in the 2025 season. ECDC's 2025 season summary (as of 3 December 2025) names the 14 European countries that did report locally acquired human cases (Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Türkiye) — Sweden is not among them. The Public Health Agency of Sweden states no human WNV cases have been recorded in Sweden. Vector context: neither Aedes albopictus nor Aedes aegypti is established in Sweden (ECDC VectorNet, June 2025); the only credible local WNV bridge vector would be the resident Culex pipiens, but no WNV circulation has been detected." }, { "country": "FI", "country_name": "Finland", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC true negative: Finland reported 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in 2025. Finland is not among the 14 European countries that reported locally acquired human WNV cases in 2025 (Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Türkiye; 1,112 cases and 97 deaths in total across Europe). WNV is not known to circulate in Finland. The principal potential vector Culex pipiens is widespread in Finland, but the climate is not currently suitable for WNV transmission; Finland's endemic mosquito-borne arbovirus is Sindbis virus (Pogosta disease), not WNV. Neither Aedes albopictus nor Aedes aegypti is established in Finland (ECDC VectorNet)." }, { "country": "MT", "country_name": "Malta", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC true negative: Malta reported 0 autochthonous (locally acquired) human WNV cases in the 2025 season. Malta is not among the 14 European countries (Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Türkiye) that reported human cases in 2025 (ECDC, as of 10 December 2025). Deaths are 0 because cases are 0. Principal European WNV vector is Culex pipiens. Vector context: Aedes albopictus is established in Malta (ECDC/VectorNet, June 2025) but is not the primary WNV vector; Aedes aegypti is not established in Malta." }, { "country": "DK", "country_name": "Denmark", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published TRUE NEGATIVE: 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in Denmark in 2025. Denmark is not among the 14 EU/EEA + neighbourhood countries that reported locally acquired human cases in the 2025 season (Italy, Greece, Serbia, France, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Turkiye); the ECDC historical local-transmission table lists every 2025 country and Denmark does not appear. Deaths 0 (entailed by 0 cases). Vector context: Culex pipiens is the WNV enzootic/bridge vector monitored under Denmark's national surveillance programme (SSI et al., since 2011) — no WNV RNA was detected in 5,661 mosquitoes or 628 dead wild birds over 2011-2023. The invasive Aedes vectors are absent: Aedes albopictus is NOT established in Denmark (ECDC VectorNet, June 2025) and Aedes aegypti is not established in mainland EU/EEA. Non-human signals in 2024-2025 (Usutu virus in wild birds 2024; anti-WNV antibodies in 4 horses, autumn 2025) do not represent autochthonous human transmission." }, { "country": "LV", "country_name": "Latvia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Latvia reported 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in the 2025 season. As of 3 December 2025, the 14 European countries reporting locally acquired human WNV cases were Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo and Turkiye — Latvia is not among them (deaths 0 follows trivially from 0 cases). The relevant bridge vector in this latitude is Culex pipiens. Both invasive Aedes species are absent from Latvia per ECDC VectorNet June 2025 (Aedes albopictus not established in any Baltic state; Aedes aegypti established only in Cyprus within the EU/EEA). The national surveillance authority is the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia (SPKC), which monitors ECDC affected-area maps." }, { "country": "IS", "country_name": "Iceland", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Iceland reported 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in the 2025 season. Iceland does not appear among the 14 European countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Türkiye) that reported human WNV infection as of 3 December 2025. The WNV bridge vector Culex pipiens is not established in Iceland, and the invasive Aedes vectors (Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti) are absent from the country per ECDC/VectorNet (June 2025). Iceland was famously one of only two places on Earth without mosquitoes until October 2025, when the first specimens (three Culiseta annulata, a non-vector nuisance species) were recorded in Kjós — a first detection, not an established population. Deaths = 0 follows trivially from 0 cases." }, { "country": "NO", "country_name": "Norway", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC-published true negative: Norway reported 0 autochthonous human WNV cases in the 2025 season. It is not among the 14 EU/EEA and neighbouring countries (Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Turkiye) that reported locally-acquired human cases in 2025. WNV is not known to circulate in Norway. Neither competent invasive Aedes vector is established: Aedes albopictus is absent (not in ECDC's June 2025 established-country list) and Aedes aegypti is established only in Cyprus and EU outermost regions. The native Culex pipiens is the relevant potential WNV vector but no local transmission has been documented in Norway. Deaths = 0 follows trivially from 0 cases." }, { "country": "GB", "country_name": "United Kingdom", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": 0, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 transmission season", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data/historical", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) — 2025 end-of-season West Nile virus surveillance (data to 3 December 2025) — UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) for national status", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "ECDC true-negative: in the 2025 season (as of 3 December 2025) 14 European countries reported locally acquired human WNV cases — Italy, Greece, France, Serbia, Romania, Spain, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Germany, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo and Türkiye — and the United Kingdom is NOT among them, so its autochthonous human count is 0 (deaths 0 trivially follow). Post-Brexit the UK sits outside ECDC EU/EEA reporting; UKHSA is the national authority. Vector context: WNV genetic material (lineage 1a) was detected for the first time in UK mosquitoes in 2025 — two pools of Aedes vexans collected July 2023 in Nottinghamshire — with no human cases and no onward transmission (the public-health blog also references the established bridge vector Culex modestus). Invasive Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are NOT established — only transient/intercepted detections (Aedes albopictus eggs at an M20 service station, Kent, 2024; Aedes aegypti eggs at a Heathrow freight facility, 2023)." }, { "country": "UA", "country_name": "Ukraine", "region": "Kyiv city & Kyiv Oblast (most cases), with cases in Poltava and Cherkasy oblasts", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 88, "deaths": 11, "period": "2024-01-01/2024-12-31", "period_label": "2024 transmission season (since July 2024)", "source_url": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2024/10/13/ukraine-reports-88-west-nile-virus-cases-with-11-deaths-since-july-2024/", "source_authority": "Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; Deputy Minister of Health & Chief Sanitary Doctor Ihor Kuzin", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "Most recent reliably-published autochthonous human WNV figure for Ukraine. The cumulative 88 cases / 11 deaths 'since the start of July 2024' was given by Deputy Health Minister and Chief Sanitary Doctor Ihor Kuzin and reported across multiple outlets (Euromaidan Press, Newsweek, Down To Earth). The Health-Ministry-run Public Health Center separately reported 50 cases year-to-date by late August 2024, of which 41 were laboratory-confirmed in August alone (deaths not stated in that snapshot). Ukraine is NOT in ECDC's EU/EEA surveillance set — ECDC lists it only as a 'neighbouring country' with cases notified but no figures, and Ukraine does not appear in ECDC's 2025 locally-acquired WNV list. No national WNV count has been published for 2025; surveillance is disrupted by the war. Mosticare re-publishes this figure as an aggregator and did not collect it. The period is set to the calendar year 2024 because the cited figure is a within-2024 outbreak count; the cumulative count begins in July 2024." }, { "country": "AM", "country_name": "Armenia", "region": "Aragatsotn province (initial focus) and nationally", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 108, "deaths": 2, "period": "2024-01-01/2024-12-31", "period_label": "2024 season", "source_url": "https://armenpress.am/en/article/1199106", "source_authority": "National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) / Ministry of Health of Armenia, reported via ARMENPRESS", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "Armenia's first documented WNV outbreak. 108 laboratory-confirmed autochthonous human cases and 2 deaths by 5 Sep 2024 (Health Minister Anahit Avanesyan; cases tracked by NCDC, Director Stepan Atoyan). First human case diagnosed 7 Aug 2024, confirmed 10 Aug; virus first found in mosquitoes in Aragatsotn province in late July 2024. Progression: 58 cases (21 Aug) -> 92 cases, 1 death (31 Aug) -> 108 cases, 2 deaths (5 Sep). A separate, smaller 2025 season recorded only 2 confirmed cases with no reported deaths as of 25 Aug 2025 (NCDC, situation described as stable). Armenia is outside ECDC's EU/EEA reporting set, so figures derive from the national authority via Armenian news agencies, not the ECDC Atlas. Primary urban WNV vector regionally is Culex pipiens; Aedes albopictus is established but is not the principal WNV vector." }, { "country": "BY", "country_name": "Belarus", "region": "Gomel and Brest regions (southern Belarus) most affected", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 16, "deaths": null, "period": "1985-01-01/1994-12-31", "period_label": "1985-1994 study (published 2003)", "source_url": "https://cejph.szu.cz/artkey/cjp-200302-0001_Virologic-and-Serologic-Investigations-of-West-Nile-Virus-Circulation-in-Belarus.php", "source_authority": "Samoilova TI, Votiakov VI, Titov LP — Central European Journal of Public Health (2003)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "HISTORICAL / CAVEATED FIGURE — NOT a recent annual count. The 16 figure is the number of serologically confirmed West Nile encephalitis cases identified among febrile patients during 1985-1994 virologic/serologic investigations (published 2003). Over the same study WNV was isolated from Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, birds and a febrile patient; human seroprevalence was 1.7% nationally, 5.8% in Gomel and 15.4% in Brest. Belarus does not report to ECDC's EU/EEA West Nile surveillance and publishes no recent annual national case count, so this is the most recent reliably-sourced national figure available; deaths are not reported by the source (null, not zero). Culex pipiens cited as the vector class is editorial: the source names 'blood-sucking mosquitoes and birds' as principal vectors and isolated virus specifically from Aedes and Anopheles; Cx. pipiens is the recognised primary WNV bridge vector and is part of the Belarus Culicidae fauna." }, { "country": "BA", "country_name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "region": "nationwide", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 13, "deaths": null, "period": "2014-01-01/2014-12-31", "period_label": "2014 transmission season (most recent published national human count)", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-end-west-nile-virus-transmission-season-europe-2014", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU-neighbouring country, not in the EU/EEA confirmed reporting set, and reports sparsely. The figure shown is the most recent reliably-published national human WNV case count: ECDC's end-of-2014-season update states 'Bosnia and Herzegovina reported 13 cases and was the first country to report cases this year.' Deaths are null because ECDC did not publish a per-country death count for BiH. No autochthonous human WNV case was reported for BiH in the 2025 European season — BiH was NOT among the 14 countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Türkiye) reporting locally acquired human cases as of 3 December 2025 (ECDC/EFSA). Circulation nonetheless continues: WNV lineage-2 RNA was detected in Culex pipiens/torrentium mosquito pools (Bratunac and Orašje) for the first time in BiH in 2025 (One Health journal, Oct 2025). Earlier human evidence: two probable neuroinvasive WNV cases in 2013 (Ahmetagić et al., Medicinski glasnik, 2015). This is NOT a 2025 figure; it is anchored to its actual year, 2014." }, { "country": "BA", "country_name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "region": "Northern, north-eastern, eastern and central Bosnia and Herzegovina", "disease": "Aedes albopictus (vector establishment)", "disease_code": "VECTOR-AALBO", "vector": "Aedes albopictus", "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": null, "affected_areas": 9, "affected_areas_unit": "survey locations with Aedes albopictus detected (One Health 2025)", "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "Vector establishment status (2025)", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/facts/mosquito-factsheets/aedes-albopictus", "source_authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "Not a human-disease count (cases=0 denotes a vector-surveillance record, not WNV human incidence). ECDC's Aedes albopictus factsheet lists Bosnia & Herzegovina among European countries where the species is present, without the '(not established to date)' qualifier applied to several other states. A 2025 country-wide field survey (One Health journal) reported new records of Aedes albopictus at nine locations across northern, north-eastern, eastern and central BiH, alongside Aedes japonicus japonicus. Aedes albopictus can transmit dengue and chikungunya where introduced, though no autochthonous dengue/chikungunya has been reported in BiH." }, { "country": "RU", "country_name": "Russia", "region": "Southern, North Caucasian & Volga Federal Districts", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": null, "affected_areas": 38, "affected_areas_unit": "federal subjects with registered WNV cases (2024)", "period": "2024-01-01/2024-12-31", "period_label": "2024 season (incidence 0.30 / 100,000; surveillance metric, not a case count)", "source_url": "https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/", "source_authority": "Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing) — surveillance review, Putintseva et al., 2025", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "Not a human-case count (cases:0 marks a surveillance-metric row, not WNV human incidence). West Nile fever is endemic in southern Russia (long-standing Volgograd, Astrakhan and Rostov foci). A Rospotrebnadzor-affiliated surveillance review (Putintseva et al., 2025, Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections) reports a 2024 incidence of 0.30 cases per 100,000 population (~2.6× the long-term mean), a 5.7% case-fatality rate, and cases registered across 38 federal subjects — the widest spread on record. The review publishes a rate, not an absolute national case count, so no absolute figure is republished here (the 38 is the geographic-spread metric). Russia reports outside ECDC's EU/EEA surveillance. Vector context: Aedes albopictus has been established around Sochi since 2011 and Aedes aegypti is also established in the Greater Sochi area; per the Russian entomology literature, Russia is the only WHO European Region country with both species co-established (Black Sea coast). Culex pipiens is the principal WNV vector. deaths null = no absolute death count published." }, { "country": "AZ", "country_name": "Azerbaijan", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 — no national case count published", "source_url": "https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/5/5/99-0505_article", "source_authority": "Hubálek & Halouzka, Emerging Infectious Diseases (US CDC), 1999 — WNV reported from Azerbaijan; no national autochthonous case count is published", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "The 0 denotes that NO national autochthonous human WNV case count is published for the 2025 season — NOT confirmed absence of transmission. West Nile virus circulation in Azerbaijan is documented in the scientific literature (reported as early as 1999, Hubálek & Halouzka, Emerging Infectious Diseases). Azerbaijan reports outside ECDC's EU/EEA surveillance and no recent figure from the national authority or the WHO Regional Office for Europe could be located, so a qualitative circulation status is published rather than an invented number. Vector context: a 2026 peer-reviewed review found no evidence of established Aedes albopictus or Aedes aegypti in Azerbaijan (Caspian side); the regional WNV vector is Culex pipiens. deaths null = not reported." }, { "country": "GE", "country_name": "Georgia", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "vector": "Culex pipiens", "vector_common": "common house mosquito", "cases": 0, "deaths": null, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "period_label": "2025 — no confirmed autochthonous human cases", "source_url": "https://www.ncdc.ge/", "source_authority": "National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC)", "last_updated": "2026-06-17", "notes": "No recent national count of locally-acquired human WNV cases is published for Georgia, and no confirmed autochthonous human WNV transmission is documented: an earlier hospital-based febrile-illness survey (2008–2011) found zero WNV-seropositive patients, and in 2026 the NCDC (OneHealthSecure programme) launched what it describes as the first targeted WNV investigation in Georgia (birds and mosquitoes) to build baseline data. Georgia reports outside ECDC's EU/EEA surveillance. Vector context: the invasive Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are both established on Georgia's Black Sea coast (peer-reviewed entomological surveys), flagged as a future arbovirus risk; no autochthonous dengue/chikungunya/Zika has been reported. Culex pipiens is the regional WNV vector. deaths null = not reported." } ], "key_fact_count": 7, "key_facts": [ { "id": "first-2026-eu-west-nile-virus-case", "superlative": "first", "question": "What was the first West Nile virus case in Europe in 2026?", "answer": "The first human West Nile virus case of the 2026 season in the European Region (EU/EEA + neighbourhood) was reported in the Vardar region of North Macedonia — one locally-acquired case — first appearing in the ECDC weekly West Nile virus surveillance report dated 3 June 2026. As of ECDC Week 25/2026 (data to 17 June 2026, report dated 18 June 2026), MK still reports 1 case in Vardar (no change since W24); the W25 report adds IT Caserta (1) + IT Firenze (1) as the first mainland EU/EEA 2026 WNV cases, bringing the European Region total to 2 countries / 3 cases / 3 areas. North Macedonia is an EU candidate country included in ECDC's weekly EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance.", "metric": "human cases", "value": 1, "value_label": "1 case", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "country": "MK", "country_name": "North Macedonia", "region": "Vardar", "year": 2026, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report, Week 25/2026, data to 17 June 2026)", "last_updated": "2026-06-18" }, { "id": "first-2026-mainland-eu-eea-west-nile-virus-case", "superlative": "first", "question": "Which country had the first mainland EU/EEA West Nile virus case in 2026?", "answer": "Italy recorded the first mainland EU/EEA West Nile virus case of the 2026 season, per the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report Week 25 (data to 17 June 2026, report dated 18 June 2026): two locally-acquired cases in two NUTS3 sub-areas — IT Caserta (NUTS3 ITF31, Campania) and IT Firenze (NUTS3 ITI14, Toscana). The 2026 Piano Nazionale Arbovirosi integrated surveillance is in force; Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) weekly bulletin n. 25 of 18 June 2026 corroborates the count.", "metric": "human cases", "value": 2, "value_label": "2 cases (NUTS3 ITF31 + ITI14)", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "region": "NUTS3 ITF31 (Caserta, Campania) + NUTS3 ITI14 (Firenze, Toscana)", "year": 2026, "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31", "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report, Week 25/2026, data to 17 June 2026); Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) · Piano Nazionale Arbovirosi 2026, weekly bulletin n. 25 (18 June 2026)", "last_updated": "2026-06-18" }, { "id": "most-2025-eu-west-nile-virus-cases-country", "superlative": "most", "question": "Which European country had the most West Nile virus cases in 2025?", "answer": "Italy recorded the most human West Nile virus cases in the EU/EEA in 2025 — 779 locally-acquired cases per ECDC's end-of-season cross-country report (data to 3 December 2025) — the largest single-country WNV total in the region that year, concentrated in Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna. Italy's own ISS integrated surveillance recorded 773 confirmed cases (770 autochthonous) as of its final 30 October 2025 bulletin, with the consolidated 2025 summary still pending.", "metric": "human cases", "value": 779, "value_label": "779 cases", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "year": 2025, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection", "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (cross-country, data to 3 Dec 2025); Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) for national detail", "last_updated": "2026-06-15" }, { "id": "second-most-2025-eu-west-nile-virus-cases-country", "superlative": "second", "question": "Which European country had the second-most West Nile virus cases in 2025?", "answer": "Greece had the second-most human West Nile virus cases in the EU/EEA in 2025 — 96 locally-acquired cases (76 of them neuro-invasive) and 9 deaths — behind only Italy (779). Attica was the main hotspot. The figures are EODY/NPHO's final 2025 count, consistent with ECDC's cross-country report.", "metric": "human cases", "value": 96, "value_label": "96 cases", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "country": "GR", "country_name": "Greece", "year": 2025, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://eody.gov.gr/en/disease/west-nile-virus/", "source_authority": "EODY · National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Greece", "last_updated": "2026-06-14" }, { "id": "deadliest-2025-eu-west-nile-virus", "superlative": "deadliest", "question": "How many people died of West Nile virus in Italy in 2025?", "answer": "Italy reported 72 West Nile virus deaths in 2025 — a case fatality rate of 9.2% across 779 confirmed cases — the highest national WNV death toll in the EU/EEA that season.", "metric": "deaths", "value": 72, "value_label": "72 deaths (CFR 9.2%)", "disease": "West Nile virus", "disease_code": "WNV", "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "year": 2025, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino", "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)", "last_updated": "2026-05-25" }, { "id": "largest-2025-eu-chikungunya-outbreak", "superlative": "largest", "question": "What was the largest chikungunya outbreak in Europe in 2025?", "answer": "France had the largest autochthonous chikungunya outbreak in continental Europe in 2025 — 809 locally-acquired cases across 79 transmission episodes (1 May – 30 November), with symptom onset between 27 May and 13 November. It was the largest continental-European autochthonous CHIKV outbreak on record for that year.", "metric": "autochthonous cases", "value": 809, "value_label": "809 autochthonous cases", "disease": "Chikungunya", "disease_code": "CHIKV", "country": "FR", "country_name": "France", "year": 2025, "period": "2025-05-01/2025-11-30", "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya", "source_authority": "Santé publique France · enhanced arbovirus surveillance", "last_updated": "2026-05-25" }, { "id": "most-2025-eu-autochthonous-chikungunya-italy", "superlative": "most", "question": "How many autochthonous chikungunya cases did Italy report in 2025?", "answer": "Italy reported 384 autochthonous (locally-acquired) chikungunya cases in 2025 across four regions — Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Toscana and Lazio — out of 472 total cases including travel-imported ones, with no deaths. All Italian and French CHIKV clusters were declared closed by the end of 2025.", "metric": "autochthonous cases", "value": 384, "value_label": "384 autochthonous cases", "disease": "Chikungunya", "disease_code": "CHIKV", "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "year": 2025, "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/chikungunya/aggiornamenti", "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)", "last_updated": "2026-05-31" } ] }